Semiotic Drift

001 · Nebulae

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In S/Z, Roland Barthes1 uses the image of ‘nebulae’ to describe clusters of signifieds that form when certain areas of a text correlate with meanings outside the material text.2 Here, the image becomes a figure for what will not settle. A cloud of meaning that refuses outline. In astronomy, a nebula is a cloud of gas and dust. Diffuse. Indistinct. The term holds that same instability. What cannot be fixed. What exceeds category.

An emphasis on ellipses.

Gaps. Omissions. A thought that trails, then stops. Absence as condition. The unsaid remains. The incomplete persists. Only fragments within these clusters yield themselves to articulation. The rest hovers, unresolved, partially seen.

In S/Z, Barthes distinguishes between ‘readerly’ and ‘writerly’ texts.3 The former offers meanings already shaped for consumption. The latter makes the reader a producer of the text. Reading becomes work.

Here, the photograph becomes ‘writerly’ in the encounter.

The frame contains the image. It cannot contain what the viewer brings to it. A detail catches on memory. Another image appears behind the first.

The fragment becomes ‘writerly’ in the gaps.

Across both, meanings gather, forming ‘“nebulae” of signifieds’.4

  1. Roland Barthes (1915–1980) was a French literary theorist, critic, and semiologist whose work examined signs, texts, authorship, and photography.

  2. Roland Barthes, S/Z, trans. by Richard Miller (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990), p. 8.

  3. Barthes, S/Z, pp. 4–5, 10.

  4. Barthes, S/Z, p. 8.